(1) Working Principle

The pipette tip operates based on the principle of air displacement. When the pipette button is pressed，the internal piston moves upward, creating a negative pressure inside the tip, and the liquid is drawn,in. Release the button, the piston falls back and the liquid is discharged. This simple yet sophisticated principle requires the pipette tip to have excellent sealing and adaptability in order to precisely control the volume of liquid transfer.

(II) Material Properties

At present, the mainstream material for pipette tips is polypropylene (PP). High-purity PP material has many advantages: strong chemical stability and can resist the corrosion of most common reagents; It is light in texture and durable. The surface is hydrophobic, which can reduce the phenomenon of liquid adhering to the wall and lower the residual amount. For instance, in molecular biology experiments, PP material pipette tips can effectively prevent contamination and interference with biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. In addition, there are some special material tips, such as fluoroplastic (PFA, FEP) tips used for contact with highly corrosive substances. They have a wide temperature range and good chemical resistance, but their cost is relatively high.

(3) Type Segmentation

Standard pipette tips: Suitable for routine liquid transfer, they are the most commonly used type in laboratories and are widely applied in basic experimental scenarios such as general chemical analysis and solution preparation.

Filter cartridge tip: It is equipped with a hydrophobic filter membrane (such as polyethylene material, with a pore size usually of 0.2μm) inside, which can effectively block aerosols and prevent cross-contamination. When dealing with infectious biological samples (such as viral nucleic acid testing) and volatile toxic substances, filter cartridge tips are the key to ensuring experimental safety.

Low adsorption tip: By surface modification or the addition of special masterbatch, the adsorption force of the inner wall of the tip on the liquid is reduced. For precious reagents (such as high-value antibodies and enzymes), viscous liquids (such as glycerol and serum), and easily adherent biological samples (such as DNA/RNA solutions), low-adsorption pipette tips can significantly reduce sample loss and increase pipetting recovery rates.

Extended pipette tip: Designed for drawing liquids from the bottom of deep well plates, slender test tubes or high-capacity containers, it can prevent the pipette rod from touching the sample and reduce the risk of contamination. It is commonly used in cell culture, high-throughput screening and other experiments.